The Preparations for the Formation of an Austrian Army, 1945 - 1953

Already on April 17, 1945, when Karl Renner formed the Provisional Austrian National Government, an Under-Secretariat for the Army was established. On the recommendation of Theodor Körner, the Socialist Lieutenant Colonel Franz Winterer was entrusted with this task.


By the beginning of 1950, since negotiations on a state treaty had not led to any result, talks on Austria’s rearmament were only conducted on the sidelines. However, the communist strikes in October 1950 demonstrated the need for an instrument to preserve internal security. Therefore, the federal government agreed to increase the number of police alarm battalions and later to establish a volunteer force. In mid-1951, there were renewed talks on the State Treaty and on additional measures for internal and external security. 


As a result, a 5000-man “special or armed” gendarmerie, which a few months later would become the B-Gendarmerie, the precursor of the Federal Army, equipped by the Western Allies. From the Russian side, these “preparations for rearmament” were viewed with suspicion. General Liebitzky reported several times about visits of the Russian Obstlt. Cernoff, which he perceived as a kind of surveillance. 


In 1953, State Secretary Ferdinand Graf reported to Chancellor Leopold Figl on his progress in reestablishing an Army: 


"In the draft State Treaty, all four powers have already agreed on the establishment of an Austrian Federal Army. Attempts could already be made to obtain permission to raise at least part of the conceded strength from the Allied Council .... but I also point out that the raising of a Federal Army will lead to a four-power control also provided for in the draft State Treaty. This would mean for the Soviets the possibility of achieving co-control in the West as well." [document id="34"] 


However, it was to take almost two more years until July 1955, when, after the conclusion of the State Treaty, an Office for National Defense could finally be established within the Federal Chancellery. The new Federal Army received numerous weapons and ammunition as well as other equipment as a gift not only from the Americans but also from the British, French and Russians. A compromise was reached between the SPÖ (6 months) and the ÖVP (12 months) on the length of service, which was agreed to be 9 months. Only in personnel matters were there still differences, since Chancellor Julius Raab had proposed officers the majority of whom were close to his political party.

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