On the Path to a Market Economy: Currency, Banks, Wage and Price Agreements

Following the end of Second World War, there was a profound discrepancy between goods and the money supply in Austria with corresponding inflationary tendencies. To remedy this, two currency reforms were undertaken in 1945 and 1947, whereby the first accompanied the reintroduction of the Schilling. Further, between 1947 und 1951 five wage-price agreements were concluded by the social partners, who precisely defined wage and price increases. To make matters worse, Austria had to bear the cost of Allied occupation. In advance of receiving Marshall Plan aid, U.S. occupation forces freed Austria from having to pay its portion of these costs. The funds could now be used to overcome the post-war emergency as well as to repair war damage. The Oesterreichische Nationalbank and the other banks were able to begin operation again starting in July 1945, although worthless debt certificated owed to the German Reich proved to be a problem. Major banks together with the basic materials industry were nationalized in 1946 in order to prevent them from being accessed by the Allies.

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