Denazification, Returnees, and Expelle Integration

The combination of the topics "denazification", "returnees", and “expelle integration”, which may seem contradictory at first glance, is deceptive because even a rough review of the relevant source material revealed commonalities that definitely allow for a combined consideration. The fact that these groups were treated exclusively according to realpolitik and party-tactical considerations may serve as a justification. In each case, groups of people were targeted who were not emancipated from the outset and often only after years, and who were thus only recruitable to a limited extent from a party-political perspective. 

Both the SPÖ and the ÖVP showed party tactical resentment against naturalization en bloc because there was a fear that the predominantly Social Democratic Sudeten Germans would lead to a strengthening of the SPÖ and that the Danube Swabians, who had a predominantly Catholic-conservative structure and constituted the majority among the ethnic Germans, would lead to an ÖVP predominance.

The dispute between the ÖVP and the SPÖ over the corresponding distribution of competencies for the repatriates and for votes also took place in with the expellees. Although the Refugee Advisory Council in the Ministry of the Interior was staffed according to proportional representation, the ÖVP side nevertheless felt that the influence of Federal Minister Helmer was too dominant. Consequently, the demand was made to incorporate this body into the BKA/ AA and to create a “Refugee Central Office.” Naturalizations, which by law were the responsibility of the federal states, were also to be better monitored by the BKA/AA. 

The Austrian solutions to these problems of denazification, returnee policy, and integration of expelles were important both for overcoming day-to-day political problems and for a successful beginning to the Second Republic.

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