Cultural and Educational Policy

One of the first measures taken by the Allies in occupied post-war Austria was the resumption of cultural activities, and this was mostly aimed at consolidating Austrian identity. The legal framework from the First Republic was adopted for the school system, which permitted reforms only with the agreement of both the federal government and the states. This favored the Austrian People’s Party’s (ÖVP’s) position, which advocated maintaining the existing differentiated school system, while the Socialist Party of Austria (SPÖ) unsuccessfully demanded a general school for all 10 to 14-year-olds. A controversy ensued about whether the 1933 Concordat, which regulated the subsidization of Catholic private schools, was still in effect. After years of dispute, a compromise that allowed limited state co-financing of denominational schools was finally reached in 1953. In 1962, the Concordat, the validity of which the SPÖ had, in principle, recognized in 1957, was supplemented by an additional agreement. This paved the way for a comprehensive legal reorganization of the school system, which in the end largely reaffirmed the existing structure.

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